How to Cite
Thank you to all of the generous researchers who have contributed data to Peekbank!
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Researchers publishing or presenting work using data in the Peekbank database must cite the publications linked to that dataset, as shown below in the contributors list. (If there is no linked citation, then no citation for the individual dataset is necessary).
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For tracking use of the database and its affiliated tools, please also cite:
Zettersten, M., Yurovsky, D., Xu, T. L., Uner, S., Tsui, A.S.T., Schneider, R. M., Saleh, A. N., Meylan, S. C., Marchman, V., Mankewitz, J., MacDonald, K., Long, B., Lewis, M., Kachergis, G., Handa, K., deMayo, B., Carstensen, A., Braginsky, M., Boyce, V., Bhatt, N., Bergey, C. A., & Frank, M.C. (2023). Peekbank: An open, large-scale repository for developmental eye-tracking data of children’s word recognition. Behavior Research Methods, 55, 2485-2500. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-022-01906-4
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If researchers use more than 5 datasets, we ask users to cite all data. But in case of severe space limitations, the database as a whole may be cited.
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Since the Peekbank database is dynamic, we recommend that you list the date of download for your data in your manuscript. For example: “In these analyses, all available datasets in English from Peekbank were used (Zettersten et al., 2023). Data were downloaded on 1/9/2024.”
Current Datasets
Section titled “Current Datasets”Below is a list of all datasets currently available in Peekbank.
44 datasets, as of release 2026.1.
| Dataset | Cite | N | Age (months) | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| adams_marchman_2018 | Adams, K. A., Marchman, V. A., Loi, E. C., Ashland, M. D., Fernald, A., & Feldman, H. M. (2018). Caregiver talk and medical risk as predictors of language outcomes in full term and preterm toddlers. Child Development, 89(5), 1674-1690. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12818 | 69 | 13-38 | English |
| bacon_gendercues | Bacon, D, & Saffran, J. (2022). Role of speaker gender in toddler lexical processing. Infancy, 27, 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12455 | 38 | 22-24 | English |
| baumgartner_2014 | Baumgartner, H. A. (2014). Understanding the Role of Non-Contrastive Variability in Word Learning and Visual Attention in Infancy (UMI 3685177). [Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Davis]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. | 100 | 12-13 | English |
| bergelson_swingley_2012 | Bergelson, E., & Swingley, D. (2012). At 6–9 months, human infants know the meanings of many common nouns. PNAS, 109(9), 3253-3258. | 84 | 6-20.8 | English |
| borovsky_2019 | Borovsky, A., & Peters, R. E. (2019). Vocabulary size and structure affects real-time lexical recognition in 18-month-olds. PloS one, 14(7), e0219290. | 79 | 17-20 | English |
| byers-heinlein_2017 | Byers-Heinlein, K., Morin-Lessard, E., & Lew-Williams, C. (2017). Bilingual infants control their languages as they listen. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(34), 9032-9037. | 48 | 19-21 | English, French |
| byers-heinlein_2022 | Byers-Heinlein, K., Jardak, A., Fourakis, E., & Lew-Williams, C. (2022). Effects of language mixing on bilingual children's word learning. Bilingualism, 25(1): 55-69. | 38 | 37.1-48.9 | English, French, Spanish |
| casillas_tseltal_2015 | Casillas, M., Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (2017). Casillas HomeBank Corpus. https://homebank.talkbank.org/ | 23 | 9-48 | Tseltal |
| ferguson_eyetrackingr | Ferguson, B., Graf, E., & Waxman, S. R. (2014). Infants use known verbs to learn novel nouns: Evidence from 15- and 19-month-olds. Cognition, 131(1), 139-146. | 28 | 18-21.9 | English |
| fernald_marchman_2012 | Fernald, A., & Marchman, V. A. (2012). Individual differences in lexical processing at 18 months predict vocabulary growth in typically developing and late‐talking toddlers. Child development, 83(1), 203-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01692.x | 122 | 17-32 | English |
| fernald_totlot | Fernald, A., Perfors, A., & Marchman, V. A. (2006). Picking up speed in understanding: Speech processing efficiency and vocabulary growth across the 2nd year.Developmental Psychology, 42(1), 98–116. | 63 | 15-25 | English |
| fmw_2013 | Fernald, A., Marchman, V. A., & Weisleder, A. (2013). SES differences in language processing skill and vocabulary are evident at 18 months. Developmental Science, 16(2), 234-248 | 80 | 17-26 | English |
| frank_tablet_2016 | Frank, M. C., Sugarman, E., Horowitz, A. C., Lewis, M. L., & Yurovsky, D. (2016). Using tablets to collect data from young children. Journal of Cognition and Development, 17(1), 1-17. | 108 | 12.1-59.8 | English |
| garrison_bergelson_2020 | Garrison, H., Baudet, G., Breitfeld, E., Aberman, A., & Bergelson, E. (2020). Familiarity plays a small role in noun comprehension at 12-18 months. Infancy, 25, 458-477. | 35 | 12-18 | English |
| gazetriggered_2020 | Egger, J., Rowland, C. F., & Bergmann, C. (2020). Improving the robustness of infant lexical processing speed measures. Behavior research methods, 52, 2188–2201. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01385-5 | 60 | 18-18.8 | Dutch |
| hurtado_2008 | Hurtado, N., Marchman, V. A., & Fernald, A. (2008). Does input influence uptake? Links between maternal talk, processing speed and vocabulary size in Spanish‐learning children. Developmental Science, 11(6), F31-F39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00768.x | 76 | 17-27 | Spanish |
| kartushina_2019 | Kartushina, N., & Mayor, J. (2019). Word knowledge in six-to nine-month-old Norwegian infants? Not without additional frequency cues. Royal Society open science, 6(9), 180711. | 69 | 6-9 | Norwegian |
| kremin_2021 | Kremin, L. V., Jardak, A., Lew-Williams, C., & Byers-Heinlein, K. (2023). Bilingual children’s comprehension of code-switching at an uninformative adjective. Language Development Research 3(1), 249–276. | 60 | 36.6-49 | English, French, Spanish |
| luchkina_waxman_2024 | Luchkina, E., & Waxman, S. R. (2021). Semantic priming supports infants’ ability to learn names of unseen objects. PloS one, 16(1), e0244968. | 76 | 11.2-14.9 | English |
| mahr_coartic | Mahr, T., McMillan, B. T. M., Saffran, J. R., Ellis Weismer, S., & Edwards, J. (2015). Anticipatory coarticulation facilitates word recognition in toddlers. Cognition, 142, 345-350. | 29 | 18.1-23.8 | English |
| moore_bergelson_2022_verb | Moore, C., & Bergelson, E. (2022). Examining the roles of regularity and lexical class in 18–26-month-olds’ representations of how words sound. Journal of Memory and Language, 126, 104337. | 98 | 15.5-28.5 | English |
| newman_genderdistractor | Newman, R., & Morini, G. (2017). Effect of the relationship between target and masker sex on infants' recognition of speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 141, EL164 (2017); doi: 10.1121/1.4976498 | 95 | 16-31 | English |
| newman_sinewave_2015 | Newman, R. S., Chatterjee, M., Morini, G., & Remez, R. E. (2015). Toddlers' comprehension of degraded signals: Noise-vocoded versus sine-wave analogs. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 138(3), EL311-EL317. | 24 | 25.7-28 | English |
| nordmeyer_negtracker_2014 | Nordmeyer, A. E., Frank, M. C. (2014). The role of context in young children's comprehension of negation. Journal of Memory and Language, 77, 25–39. | 93 | 24-59.5 | English |
| perry_cowpig | Perry, L. K., & Saffran, J. R. (2017). Is a pink cow still a cow? Individual differences in toddlers' vocabulary knowledge and lexical representations. Cognitive Science, 41(4), 1090-1105. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12370 | 45 | 19-22 | English |
| pomper_dimy | Pomper, R., & Saffran, J. (unpublished). Unpublished 'Dimy' study: Do infants learn to associate diminutive forms with animates? | 82 | 14-19 | English |
| pomper_prime | Pomper, R. & Saffran, J. R. (unpublished). Unpublished "Prime" study: Modulating attention to different features of objects during word learning. | 63 | 37.9-42 | English |
| pomper_saffran_2016 | Pomper, R., & Saffran, J. R. (2016). Roses are red, socks are blue: Switching dimensions disrupts young children's language comprehension. Plos one, 11(6), e0158459. Chicago | 60 | 41-47 | English |
| pomper_salientme | Pomper, R., & Saffran, J. R. (2019). Familiar object salience affects novel word learning. Child Development, 90(2), e246-e262. doi:10.1111/cdev.13053 | 44 | 38-43 | English |
| pomper_yumme | Pomper, R., & Saffran, J. R. (2018). More than distractors: Familiar objects influence toddlers' semantic representations in novel word learning. XXI Biennial International Congress of Infant Studies. Philadelphia, PA (poster). | 69 | 25-43 | English |
| potter_canine | Potter, C. E., & Lew-Williams, C. (2024). Frequent vs. infrequent words shape toddlers’ real-time sentence comprehension. Journal of Child Language. 2024;51(6):1478-1488. | 70 | 21-27 | English |
| potter_remix | Potter, C.E., Fourakis, E., Morin-Lessard, E., Byers-Heinlein, K., & Lew-Williams, C. (2019). Bilingual toddlers' comprehension of mixed sentences is asymmetrical across their two languages. Developmental Science, 22(4), e12794. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12794 | 23 | 18-29 | English, Spanish |
| reflook_socword | Yurovsky, D., Wade, A., & Frank, M. C. (2013). Online processing of speech and social information in early word learning. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. | 427 | 11.9-69.7 | English |
| reflook_v4 | Yurovsky, D., Wade, A., Kraus, A. M., Gengoux, G. W., Hardan, A. Y., Frank, M. C. (2024). Developmental changes in the speed of social attention in early word learning. https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/bcrj2_v1 | 347 | 8.4-83.8 | English |
| ronfard_2021 | Ronfard, S., Wei, R., & Rowe, M. (2021). Uncovering the linguistic, social, and cognitive skills underlying processing efficiency as measured by the looking-while-listening paradigm. Journal of Child Language, 49(2), 302–325. | 40 | 18-24 | English |
| sander-montant_2022 | Sander-Montant, A., Byers-Heinlein, K., & Perez, M. L. (2023). The more they hear the more they learn? Using data from bilinguals to test models of early lexical development. Cognition, 238, 105525. | 123 | 12-31.1 | English, French |
| swingley_aslin_2002 | Swingley, D., & Aslin, R. N. (2002). Lexical Neighborhoods and the Word-Form Representations of 14-Month-Olds. Psychological Science, 13(5), 480-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00485 | 50 | 14.1-16 | English |
| valleau_2018 | Valleau, M. J., Konishi, H., Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Arunachalam, S. (2018). An eye-tracking study of receptive verb knowledge in toddlers. Journal of speech, language, and hearing research, 61(12), 2917-2933. | 40 | 22.1-26.1 | English |
| weaver_saffran_2026 | Weaver H, Saffran JR. Interrogating Early Word Knowledge: Factors That Influence the Alignment Between Caregiver-Report and Experimental Measures. Dev Sci. 2026 Jan;29(1):e70088. doi: 10.1111/desc.70088. PMID: 41217046. | 69 | 18.1-20.1 | English |
| weaver_zettersten_2024 | Weaver, H., Zettersten, M., & Saffran, J. (2024). Becoming word meaning experts: Infants’ processing of familiar words in the context of typical and atypical exemplars. Child Development, 95(5), e352-e372. | 141 | 13.5-23.6 | English |
| weisleder_stl | Weisleder, A., & Fernald, A. (2013). Talking to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary. Psychological Science, 24(11), 2143–2152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613488145 | 29 | 18-27 | Spanish |
| xsectional_2007 | Hurtado, N., Marchman, V. A., & Fernald, A. (2007). Spoken word recognition by Latino children learning Spanish as their first language. Journal of Child Language, 34(2), 227-249. | 49 | 15-37 | Spanish |
| yoon_simpimp_2015 | Yoon, E. J., Wu, Y. C., Frank, M. C. (2015). Children's Online Processing of Ad-Hoc Implicatures. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. | 261 | 13.2-78 | English |
| yurovsky_2017 | Yurovsky, D., & Frank, M. C. (2017). Beyond naïve cue combination: Salience and social cues in early word learning. Developmental Science, 20(2), e12349. doi: 10.1111/desc.12349. | 288 | 12.6-58.7 | English |